The basic process technology for producing nitric acid has not changed significantly over time. All acid solutions, in use or storage, will be located on secondary containment. There are 5,380 nitric acid suppliers, mainly located in asia. The manufacture of nitric acid johnson matthey technology. Production of nitric acid is the sixthlargest chemical industry in the united states. The history of the modern nitric acid process really begins in 1901 when w. China nitric acid, china nitric acid manufacturers and. Nitric acid is an inorganic chemical that is used in the manufacture of nitrogenbased fertilizers, adipic acid, and explosives. Manufacture of organic and inorganic nitrates and nitro compounds for. Nitric acid is both a strong acid and a strong oxidizing agent, nitric acid can dissolve most metals. Most of the world production of nitric acid is used in the production of agricultural. The purpose of this simulation was to observe the thermodynamic. These proceedings have been reformatted as digital pdf files on a memory card to provide an accessible library of specialist knowledge that will be of great value to all involved with nitric acid. For the production of nitric acid with regard to the ippc directive herbert wiesenberger monographien band 150 m150 wien, 2001 federal environment agency austria.
Economic impact analysis for the nitric acid manufacturing nsps by. These fertilisers, generally with high nitrogen contents, provide the active nitrogen in the form of ammonium nitrate or as nitrophosphate formed by the action of nitric acid on phosphate rock. The principal chemical produced from nitric acid is ammonium nitrate. The main industrial use of nitric acid is for the production of fertilizers. The first step in the industrial manufacture of nitric acid 2. Redox nature nitric acid has two properties in redox nature. Sorrels health and environmental impacts division contract no. Manufacture of nitric acid and calcium ammonium nitrate in ifi, arklow introduction option 1a of the syllabus deals with industrial chemistry. Greenhouse gas emissions from the nitric acid production. Amongst the lvicaaf industries, the production of sulphuric acid and nitric acid are candidates for exporting energy as high, medium, or low pressure steam or as hot water. He also discusses the changes that occur in the gauze leading to metal loss during.
A wide variety of nitric acid options are available to you, such as agriculture grade, reagent grade, and industrial grade. Ostwald process for producing nitric acid worldofchemicals. The plants range in size from 6,000 to 700,000 tons per year. Energy efficiency and cost saving opportunities for. The fertilizer industry uses weak nitric acid in the range of 50 to 65% strength and thus the high concentration above 70% weight nitric acid production process is not included. Wilhelm ostwald developed the process, and he patented it in 1902. He also discusses the changes that occur in the gauze leading to metal loss during operation. Nitric acid manufacturing process uses ostwald process. The global nitric acid market size was valued at usd 24. Jun 07, 2010 redox nature nitric acid has two properties in redox nature. The ostwald process is a mainstay of the modern chemical industry, and it provides the main raw material for the most common type of fertilizer production.
Plant design report on production of 140 mtpd conc. En section 1 identification of the substance mixture and of the company undertaking product identifier product name nitric acid chemical name nitric acid. Technical support document for the nitric acid production. Nitric acid production by the oxidation of ammonia on platinum gauzes constitutes one of the worlds major chemical industries. Nitric acid is manufactured from ammonia and is a key chemical in the manufacture of fertilizers. Proposed rule for mandatory reporting of greenhouse gases. Nitric acid is used in the manufacture of ammonium nitrate for fertilizer and explosives, organic synthesis, metallurgy, photoengraving, etching steel, urethanes, rubber chemicals, reprocessing spent nuclear fuel and ore flotation. In the us, the primary food equipment organizations are 3a sanitary standards, inc. The manufacture of nitric acid the role of platinum alloy gauzes in the ammonia oxidation process by h.
Local exhaust ventilation or breathing protection is required. Technical support document for the nitric acid production sector. Nitric acid is made from the reaction of ammonia with oxygen. Author and project management herbert wiesenberger cover simplified schematic representation of a mh dual pressure nitric acid plant. The reaction is highly exothermic and the heat given out by the reaction is sufficient to keep the reaction going. Hno3, aqua fortis, azotic acid, concentrated nitric acid other than red fuming. Our nitrates, urea, ammonia and envinox tail gas treatment processes are covered in. In this article the author outlines some of the principal features of this process, and describes in some detail the chemical reaction taking place at the platinum surface. To be undertaken only by trained personnel in conjunction with a current safety data sheet sds and sitespecific risk assessment. Dilute nitric and sulfuric acid will be used, and stored while not in use, for this work. Nitric acid is subject to thermal or light decomposition and for this reason it was often stored in brown glass bottles.
Nitric acid environment, safety, health, and quality. Mixed acid industrial grade product description mixed acid is a blend of strong nitric acid 98% and oleum sulfuric acid saturated with sulfur trioxide that is designed as a nitrating reagent for industrial nitration processes. The addition of sulfuric acid lowers the ph of a 152 solution and prevents the growth of spoilage microbes or other bacteria. Identified uses product is not intended for consumer use.
Introduction concentrated nitric acid is a clear, colourless to pale yellow liquid with a strong, sharp odour. In the manufacture of waferbased crystalline silicon solar cells, occupational health issues are related to potential chemical burns and the inhalation of fumes from hydrofluoric acid hf, nitric acid e. However, this discovery was not then commercialised as ammonia was too expensive compared with the chile saltpetre used to manufacture nitric acid in those days. The reaction is highly exothermic and the heat given out by the reaction is sufficient to keep the reaction. This guide focuses on the most important systems, processes, and practices that account for the bulk of energy consumption. The card includes 24 of the societys papers, which run to nearly 600 pages. If you dont see any interesting for you, use our search form on bottom v. Dec 14, 2015 on this page you can read or download manufacture of nitric acid grade10 in pdf format. Economic impact analysis for the nitric acid manufacturing nsps. Dilute acid solutions will be made from a more concentrated acid. O emissions in nitric acid plants, a powerful greenhouse gas with a high global warming potential. The history of the modern nitric acid pro cess really begins in 1901 when w.
May 31, 2014 nitric acid is most commonly manufactured by ostwald process. Environmental protection agency office of air quality planning and standards. Pgm refining accepted materials matrix material pt pd rh ir ru au ag comments environmental catalysts end of life autocatalysts pre. Nitric acid is most commonly manufactured by ostwald process. Nitric acid 98% by recycling and rectification session 2003f 2007f this project is being submitted to chemical engineering department. Stateoftheart for the production of nitric acid table of contents.
This reaction may give rise to some nonnegligible variations in the vapor pressure above the liquid because the nitrogen oxides produced dissolve partly or completely in the acid. Nitric acid 98% by recycling and rectification session 2003f 2007f this project is being submitted to. Then in step 2, the nitrogen dioxide that was formed is absorbed in water. Nitric acid is produced industrially through a multistep reaction process known as ostwald process. Nitric acid environment, safety, health, and quality division. Ammonia, oxygen, water are the raw materials of nitric acid manufacturing. The ostwald process converts ammonia to nitric acid and involves two steps. The first step in the industrial manufacture of nitric acid involves the catalytic oxidation of ammonia according to the following balanced equation. The manufacture of nitrogen fertilisers represents by far the largest proportion of the use of nitric acid. Nitric acid hno3 is a colorless, liquid acid widely used in the manufacturing of explosives and fertilizers.
Sulfuric acid uses it is used in petroleum refining to wash impurities out of. Nitric acid is a highly corrosive mineral acid and is commonly used as a strong oxidizing agent. Nitric acid is a colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals. Nitric acid market size, share, growth industry report, 2027. How is nitric acid made nitric acid is made from the reaction of ammonia with oxygen the first stage produces nitrogen monoxide. Research triangle park, north carolina prepared for. Simplified schematic representation of a mh dual pressure nitric acid plant. Processes for the manufacture of nitric acid international fertiliser. For these processes weak nitric acid 55 to 65 per cent hno, is usually employed. Energy efficiency and cost saving opportunities for ammonia.
Its most common use is in the manufacture of nitroglycerin and similar nitrate esters for explosives and propellants. Manufacture of nitric acid the manufacture of nitric acid is a threestage process. The information found here will help energy and plant managers identify. As a strong acid, nitric acid reacts easily in the presence of a base. Increasing demand for adipic acid to formulate nylon resins and fibers for automotive interior manufacturing is identified as a key market driver. The first step in the industrial manufacture of nitric acid. Nitric acid and water form an azeotropic mixture, with a maximum boiling point of 395 k, containing ca 68% nitric acid by mass. This brochure describes the processes we offer for nitric acid manufacture. Nit51 nitric acid 51% industrial grade nit54 nitric acid 54% industrial grade. Most of this is used in fertilizers, although a relatively small amount is used to make explosives. Enhanced plant design for the production of azeotropic nitric acid 1.
Considerable energy is also required for the conversion of ammonia to urea. It is dependant on how concentrated the acid solution is. About 70 percent of the nitric acid produced is consumed as an intermediate in the manufacture of. The first step in the industrial manufacture of nitric. All trademarks and s on this website are property of their respective owners.
Enhanced plant design for the production of azeotropic nitric. Environment, safety, health, and quality division chapter 53 nitric acid safe handling guideline 20 may 20 slaci7300a09t010r002 2 of 2. The same gas is formed as a pollutant in petrol engines. The diagram below provides an overview of the principal fertilizer routes as well as the available processes and main licensors.
Some 99% acid is required for the manufacture of, for example, organic nitrocompounds for the explosives and dye industries. The fact that nearly every nitric acid molecule dissociates is what makes nitric acid a strong acid. Approximately 100 gallons of dilute nitric acid, 100 gallons of dilute sulfuric acid, so gallons of used. The dissociation constant is usually considered to be less than 1, which means this compound completely dissociates in water except if in the presence of a stronger acid, such as sulphuric acid for example.
The ostwald process is a chemical process used for making nitric acid hno 3. Nitric acid 65 70% relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against manufacture of chemical products. Highstrength acid 90 percent or greater nitric acid can be produced from dehydrating, bleaching, condensing, and absorption of the weak nitric acid. Production levels for 2006 have been estimated at 6. Nitric acid is also used for metal etching and processing of ferrous metals. Economic impact analysis for the nitric acid manufacturing. In step 1, ammonia is oxidized to form nitric oxide and also nitrogen dioxide. Historically and practically, the ostwald process is closely associated with. Questions of nitric acid manufacturing ask your question what are the raw materials required for the manufacture of nitric acid by ostwald process.
249 399 611 155 394 732 1339 369 756 1501 124 350 1077 28 1056 1431 1201 188 334 1376 53 1147 91 1225 615 229 942 674 538 884 281